Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium, which refers to the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. It is characterized by the damage to the gums, bones, and ligaments that support the teeth in the oral cavity. Without timely treatment, periodontitis can lead to the destruction of periodontal tissues and tooth loss.
The symptoms of periodontitis may vary, but most commonly include:
1. Inflammation and bleeding of the gums.
2. Swelling of the gums and tenderness upon touch.
3. Presence of pus between the teeth and gums.
4. Bad breath.
5. Formation of gaps and roughness on the surface of the teeth.
6. Sensation of looseness or shifting of the teeth.
The diagnosis of periodontitis is usually performed by a dentist. The dentist examines the oral cavity, assesses the condition of the gums and teeth, and may order an X-ray to evaluate the condition of the bone tissue.
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The treatment methods for periodontitis depend on its severity and may include the following approaches:
1. Hygienic therapy: This includes professional teeth cleaning, removal of dental plaque and calculus, as well as patient education on proper oral hygiene.
2. Medication therapy: The dentist may prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, or antiseptics to combat infection and reduce inflammation.
3. Surgical intervention: In severe cases where the inflammation affects deep tissues and bones, surgical treatment may be necessary. This may involve gum resection, bone regeneration, or implantation.
In addition to treatment, it is important to maintain good oral hygiene, regularly visit the dentist for preventive check-ups and teeth cleaning. Seeking early medical attention when suspecting periodontitis can help prevent the progression of the disease at an early stage.