Endometriosis is a chronic condition in which tissue similar to the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus) grows outside the uterus. This tissue can appear on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvic surfaces, and other organs in the abdominal cavity.
The symptoms of endometriosis can vary, and their severity depends on the extent of the disease. The main symptoms may include:
1. Menstrual irregularities: severe, painful periods (dysmenorrhea), abnormal bleeding, or an irregular menstrual cycle.
2. Painful sensations: lower abdominal pain that can intensify before and during menstruation, pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia), pain during urination or bowel movements.
3. Infertility: endometriosis can affect a woman’s ability to conceive. Approximately 30-50% of women with endometriosis experience fertility problems.
The diagnosis of endometriosis involves a medical history, physical examination, and additional diagnostic methods such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and laparoscopy.
The impact of endometriosis on pregnancy can vary. For some women, endometriosis does not affect their ability to conceive and have a normal pregnancy. However, other women may experience a range of issues, including:
1. Infertility: difficulties in conceiving may be associated with ovarian dysfunction, the formation of adhesions in the pelvic cavity, or disruptions in the ovulation process.
2. Miscarriage: the risk of miscarriage may be slightly higher in women with endometriosis.
3. Ectopic pregnancy: endometriosis can increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy, where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus.